Professional audio products and engineering application

views：1002 upgrade：2018-08-18

The development of professional audio and engineering application in China can be divided into such stages in time order:

1. the early liberation to the pre Cultural Revolution

There are few professional theatres and stadiums newly built in this period. Beijing is the main example:

Beijing Workers' Stadium, built in 1959;

Beijing Workers' gymnasium, which was built in 1961, is held for the 26th World Table tennis competition;

Tianqiao theater was founded in 1953, and it was the first theatre since the founding of new China;

The capital theatre affiliated to the Beijing People's Art Theatre was put into use in 1955.

Most of them are clubs or auditorium in some society or units. At that time, the performance of literary and art groups did not use the sound amplification, but the conference used some simple "expansion" which usually used the "integrated machine" of electronic tube amplifier with radio and previous level.

2. the period from Cultural Revolution to the initial stage of reform and opening up

During the cultural revolution, the "model play" began to use the sound reinforcement in the performance to highlight the heroes. At that time, the sound equipment was basically domestic products. It can be said that "model play" has opened up a new way for the use of vocal reinforcement for the performance of literary and art groups.

In 1974, the fourth Ministry of machinery industry organized 18 manufacturers in 6 provinces and cities to develop and produce the first professional audio products in China in half a year or so in order to cooperate with the central orchestra to perform abroad. Later, it was called "zero breakthrough". The representative equipment is: cr1-1, cr1-3, cr1-5 microphone; 20 Watt two frequency division speaker; DK-100 electronic tube amplifier and 16 road front level, etc., this equipment was later used by the majority of art performance groups. The research and development and production of this professional audio product laid a preliminary foundation for the development of domestic equipment later, which can be said to be the "primary stage" of the development of professional audio system products in China.

Around 1982, foreign professional audio products began to enter the representative brands in China: Peavey, EV and JBL.

The professional audio system products imported in China began to be used in Chinese theaters around 1984, such as the Chinese Theatre of the General Administration, the people's Hall of Xinjiang Autonomous Region, and the Shenzhen Municipal Government Hall.

In early 1987, a joint research group composed of the Ministry of electronics industry and the Ministry of culture conducted a comprehensive investigation on the enterprises producing professional sound (including complete machine, microphone and loudspeaker) in Beijing, Tianjin, Jiangsu, Shanghai and Hangzhou. In view of the rise of professional audio industry, the seventh branch of China electronic audio industry association, namely "professional sound branch", was established by the Ministry of electronic industry in August of the same year. The member units at that time included 14 enterprises (tuning console, power amplifier, etc.) of the Ministry of electronic industry, Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Tianjin and Hangzhou“ The professional audio branch "put forward many positive suggestions on the problems of the low variety of domestic equipment, low level of general use and foreign exchange, which played a positive role in promoting the development of professional sound equipment in China. At the same time, it also laid a good foundation for the professional sound industry to train talents, accumulate experience, introduce and digest advanced foreign technology and products.

We know that the development of high-level devices (microphone, loudspeaker, etc.) depends on new materials and advanced processing technology; The development of the same high-level complete machine (tuning table, amplifier, etc.) depends on new devices and advanced processing technology. In that time, the development of professional audio system products with backward industrial foundation in China was greatly restricted, for example, transistor amplifier could only be replaced by 12 inch black and white TV line output tube due to the lack of special high power output tube; The vibration film of the high pitched horn in the speaker still stays in aluminum material, and it does not meet the requirements of titanium alloy material.

26 sports venues will be built and rebuilt in Beijing during the 11th Asian Games, held in Beijing from September 22 to October 7, 1990. Later, for a variety of reasons, it increased to 33. The launch of the Asian Games venues was in the second half of 1986, which is four years from the Asian Games. Due to the lack of financial funds at that time, most of the audio system equipment, especially the main system, of the newly built and rebuilt stadium were domestic products.

It is necessary to point out that the professional audio system products in China have made great progress in this period, and say goodbye to the early "electronic tube era". The traditional "big horn" has been replaced by two and three division full range speakers, constant directional and broadband sound pillars; Simple "front stage" is replaced by a console with marshalling output, etc.

3. reform and opening up to the end of the 20th century

There are two distinct characteristics in this stage: first, after the reform and opening up, popular music and various types of concerts have been rising rapidly in China; Second, the newly built and rebuilt theatres, halls, stadiums and other facilities have developed rapidly, which has led to the use of professional audio system equipment and engineering applications. In the engineering application, a large number of professional sound system equipment of many brands are poured in. The sound system in this period is still in the era of analog system.

4. enter the 21st century stage

Since the 21st century, due to the improvement of our country's comprehensive national strength and the rapid development of cultural and sports construction, the application of professional audio system has formed an unprecedented period of great development. The development of culture and sports construction is an important aspect to promote the application of professional audio system engineering. Examples are as follows:

(1) "Grand Theatre" represented by the National Grand Theatre

Recently, the Beijing China National Grand Theatre, which has just been completed this year, and in recent years, many provinces and cities have built a large number of regional "Grand Theatre" or "Art Center", such as Hangzhou Grand Theatre, Dongguan Grand Theatre in Guangdong, Shanghai Oriental Art Center, Wuhan Qintai Grand Theatre and Qingdao Grand Theatre under construction; And some TV theatres are being built recently, such as CCTV theater, Beijing TV theater and Jiangsu TV station theater.

(2) . Beijing 2008 Olympic Games

Since Beijing successfully applied for the 29th Olympic Games in 2008 in 2001, there are 31 new or rebuilt venues in Beijing. Twelve of them are new venues, 11 are reconstruction and expansion venues, and 8 are temporary venues.

(3) . National Games, which are held every four years on average

By 2005, China has held ten national sports meetings, which are held every four years on average. Each national sports meeting also promotes the construction and development of regional sports facilities. Take the ninth and Tenth National Games as an example only:

The Ninth National Games was held in Guangdong Province from November 11 to November 25, 2001. 11 major venues were newly built, 45 venues were rebuilt and maintained, and 122 competition and training venues were provided for the 9th National Games. The new Guangdong Olympic Sports Center Stadium, which can accommodate 80000 people, will be responsible for the opening ceremony and track and field competition of the Ninth National Games.

The 10th National Games were held in Jiangsu Province from October 12 to October 23, 2005,

17 provincial and 5 municipal level of 22 venues are newly built. The provincial stadium maintenance and renovation mainly focuses on Wutaishan Sports Center in Jiangsu Province. Nanjing Olympic Sports Center is the main stadium of the 10th National Games, including the main stadium (including warm-up field), gymnasium, swimming hall, tennis center and news center. There are 60000 stadium seats for the opening and closing ceremonies of the 10th National Games, as well as track and field and football competitions.

(4) . Chinese Art Festival, which is held every two years on average

By 2007, China has held eight Chinese art festivals, which are held every two years on average. Each Chinese Art Festival has led to the construction and development of regional cultural facilities. Take the seventh and eighth Chinese art festivals as an example only:

The seventh China Art Festival was held in Zhejiang Province from September 10 to September 26, 2004. There are 42 venues for the festival, with 21 new and reconstructed venues. Hangzhou Grand Theatre, Shaoxing Grand Theatre, Ningbo Grand Theatre and Jiaxing grand theatre are all new theatres.

The eighth Chinese Art Festival was held in Hubei Province from November 5 to November 20, 2007, with the main venue in Wuhan. 35 new and reconstructed venues are provided for the festival. Qintai Grand Theatre, invested by Wuhan municipal government at 1.57 billion yuan, is the main venue of the Eighth China Art Festival.

In summary, so many cultural and sports facilities need to be equipped with a large number of professional audio systems. Since the 21st century, the world famous professional audio system equipment has been pouring into China market, covering almost the most advanced products in the world, and it can be said that it has achieved "fully in line with the international standards". For example: digital tuning console of Germany stagetec AURUS, lawo-mc82, Switzerland student Vista; Speaker system of Meyer sound, EAW, r&h, JBL, evi, k&f, d&b sound and l-acoustics in France; Evi, crown power amplifier with DSP processor, etc.

Nowadays, science and technology develops rapidly, and the electroacoustic system and equipment are updated quickly, and new technologies and new products are emerging. At present, it is in the period of alternating development of analog technology and digital technology. Compared with traditional analog system, digital audio network has shown its advantages more and more. We know that the digital system has high signal noise ratio, large dynamic range, strong system function, strong system expansion ability and system integrated control ability. The signal is transmitted by optical fiber, which not only has a large amount of information but also has strong anti-interference ability and reliability. Generally, the transmission distance between multimode fiber and single-mode fiber is 1km and 100km respectively. Each fiber can transmit hundreds of audio signals. Therefore, the traditional analog electroacoustic system is gradually replaced by digital system, which has become the inevitable trend of science and technology development

Digital audio network, which is mainly based on digital voice modulation station, has been widely used in the recording and broadcasting system of radio and television stations. In the field of sound reinforcement, the domestic theater and stadium (such as National Grand Theatre, bird nest stadium, etc.) have started to design and use digital audio network system. For the sake of safety and convenience, most of them are equipped with a set of analog system to back up, and the accumulated experience is not much.

The main problems to be noticed in the digital network system are: the security and reliability of the system, the redundant backup, the transmission rate and bandwidth, the performance and level of DSP processor, and the rationality of optical brazing network topology. In addition, the selected digital voice console should have the convenience and intuition of analog voice console on the operation interface. In short, it is necessary to choose the right product and reasonable design.

In recent years, a power amplifier with built-in digital signal processor has appeared in the world. It integrates the functions of digital processing, network control, system monitoring and power amplification, and has strong modular expansion capability. Typical brand products include: evi, QSC and crown it network power amplifier. This new power amplifier usually has two input ports, which are analog and digital, which provides convenience for the sound amplification system to connect. Especially, the system has the use of digital and analog voice console. The use of power amplifier with DSP in the system further simplifies the configuration of signal processor. The conversion of a/d, d/a (A / D, digital analog) can be completed once by two times, which is conducive to improving the quality of signal transmission and the reliability of the system.

In the 21st century, our domestic professional audio system products have also made great progress and improvement, which is encouraging and gratifying. Some of our manufacturers of microphone, loudspeaker and power amplifier have done a lot of work in introducing advanced technology, production line, product quality control and testing methods. The total value of professional audio products exported by some manufacturers is hundreds of millions or hundreds of millions of yuan per year. At present, the performance consistency and reliability of domestic professional audio products such as microphone, loudspeaker, power amplifier and signal processor have been solved. It can completely replace the imported products from abroad to meet the use of fixed installation sound amplification system in most sports venues. The following examples are given for some stadium projects of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games:

The reconstructed Beijing Capital Gymnasium (18000 spectators) is the volleyball match venue of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games; Beijing Workers' Gymnasium (12000 spectators) is the boxing competition venue of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games; Beijing Workers' Stadium (64000 spectators) is the football match venue of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The fixed installation and sound amplification system of three venues adopts Guangdong Sanji sound group β 3 (bertelsri) series.

At present, the domestic professional audio products take speakers (or speakers) as an example, and have not formed their own characteristics in the aspect of replaying the sound quality (or musical performance) of music programs, or there is still a big gap with foreign famous brand products, which is the direction to further work.